Mathematical Morphology and Its Application to Signal and Image ProcessingThe 9th ISMM conference covered a very diverse collection of papers, bound together by the central themes of mathematical morphology, namely, the tre ment of images in terms of set and lattice theory. Notwithstanding this central theme, this ISMM showed increasing interaction with other ? elds of image and signal processing, and several hybrid methods were presented, which combine the strengths of traditional morphological methods with those of, for